Free Essays on Is There A Moral Obligation To The Law

The idea that there is a moral obligation to the law has been an idea that’s been misinterpreted. The only reason why we feel as if this is true is because since we morally interpret the law, then we feel we should naturally have a moral obligation to obey it. If we didn’t have that moral obligation then we would, as some would think, betray ourselves and the very people to whom we entrusted to bring about peace in our everyday lives. But who’s to say that those people are to be trusted in formulating The Law, no one can say. How are we to know that those people are capable of producing a set of laws that we can morally obey and feel comfortable doing so. Laws have been fought against since the beginning of time, for example: as abolitionists aided runaway slaves before the American Civil War. Slavery was very much accepted back in those days, but if you aided a runaway slave then you were to serve the consequences of the law. Now can you sit there and tell me that it was morally wrong to do this and to morally disobey the law? Of course not, we’ve been fighting against slavery for years, and the law had always made it legal, thank god slavery today is non-existent. Another issue that our society today has faced is the levelness of abortion. Should it or should not be permissible in our society. This has been a big controversy till today, some states have made it legal and have gotten rid of the idea because it is so controversial just because no one can figure out the morality of the issue. How does the receiving of benefits give rise to a responsibility to reciprocate? If I were to give you a present for no apparent reason at all without your knowledge, would you have an obligation to do the same? The answer to this would have to no. Why Melanie Millan should you? You didn’t ask for it and didn’t tell that person to get it for you. Why should the awarding of benefits justify an obligation of gratitu... Free Essays on Is There A Moral Obligation To The Law Free Essays on Is There A Moral Obligation To The Law The idea that there is a moral obligation to the law has been an idea that’s been misinterpreted. The only reason why we feel as if this is true is because since we morally interpret the law, then we feel we should naturally have a moral obligation to obey it. If we didn’t have that moral obligation then we would, as some would think, betray ourselves and the very people to whom we entrusted to bring about peace in our everyday lives. But who’s to say that those people are to be trusted in formulating The Law, no one can say. How are we to know that those people are capable of producing a set of laws that we can morally obey and feel comfortable doing so. Laws have been fought against since the beginning of time, for example: as abolitionists aided runaway slaves before the American Civil War. Slavery was very much accepted back in those days, but if you aided a runaway slave then you were to serve the consequences of the law. Now can you sit there and tell me that it was morally wrong to do this and to morally disobey the law? Of course not, we’ve been fighting against slavery for years, and the law had always made it legal, thank god slavery today is non-existent. Another issue that our society today has faced is the levelness of abortion. Should it or should not be permissible in our society. This has been a big controversy till today, some states have made it legal and have gotten rid of the idea because it is so controversial just because no one can figure out the morality of the issue. How does the receiving of benefits give rise to a responsibility to reciprocate? If I were to give you a present for no apparent reason at all without your knowledge, would you have an obligation to do the same? The answer to this would have to no. Why Melanie Millan should you? You didn’t ask for it and didn’t tell that person to get it for you. Why should the awarding of benefits justify an obligation of gratitu...

Philosophy of Food - An Authentic Approach to Eating

Philosophy of Food - An Authentic Approach to Eating A good philosophical question can arise from anywhere. Did you ever think, for example, that sitting down to dinner or strolling through the supermarket might serve as a good introduction to philosophical thinking? That is the foremost philosopher of food’s credo. What’s Philosophical About Food? Philosophy of food finds its basis on the idea that food is a mirror. You may have heard the saying ‘we are what we eat.’ Well, there is more to say regarding this relation. Eating mirrors the making of a self, that is, the array of decisions and circumstances that bring us to eat the way we do. In them, we can see reflected a detailed and comprehensive image of ourselves. Philosophy of food reflects on the ethical, political, social, artistic, identity-defining aspects of food. It spurs from the challenge to more actively pondering our diets and eating habits so as to understand who we are in a deeper, more authentic way. Food as a Relation Food is a relation. Something is food only with respect to some organism, in a set of circumstances. These, first of all, are bound to vary from moment to moment. For instance, coffee and pastry are a fine breakfast or afternoon snack; yet, to most of us they are unpalatable for dinner. Secondly, circumstances are bound to involve principles that are, at least in appearance, contradictory. Say, you refrain from eating soda at home, but at the bowling alley, you enjoy one. At the supermarket, you buy only non-organic meat, but on vacation, you crave for a McBurger with fries. As such, any given ‘food relation is first and foremost the mirror of an eater: depending on the circumstances, it represents the eater’s needs, habits, convictions, deliberations, and compromises. Food Ethics Probably the most obvious philosophical aspects of our diet are the ethical convictions that shape it. Would you eat a cat? A rabbit? Why or why not? It’s likely that the reasons you give for your stance are rooted in ethical principles, such as: â€Å"I love too much cats to eat them!† or even â€Å"How could you do such a thing!† Or, consider vegetarianism: a large number of those who conform to this diet do so to prevent unjustified violence being done to animals other than human. In Animal Liberation, Peter Singer labeled â€Å"speciesism† the attitude of those who draw unjustified distinctions between Homo sapiens and other animal species (like racism sets an unjustified distinction between one race and all others). Clearly, some of those rules are mingled with religious principles: justice and heaven can come together on the table at, as they do on other occasions. Food as Art? Can food be art? Can a cook ever aspire to be an artist on a par with Michelangelo, Leonardo, and Van Gogh? This question has spurred heated debates over the past years. Some argued that food is (at best) a minor art. For three main reasons. First, because foods are short-lived in comparison to, e.g., chunks of marble. Second, food is intrinsically linked to a practical purpose – nourishment. Third, food depends on its material constitution in a way in which music, painting, or even sculpture are not. A song such as â€Å"Yesterday† has been released on vinyl, cassette, CD, and as a mp3; food cannot be alike transferred. The best cooks would hence be very good artisans; they can be paired with fancy hairdressers or skilled gardeners. On the other hand, some think that this perspective is unfair. Cooks have recently started featuring in art shows and this seems to concretely disprove the previous remarks. Probably the most famous case in point is Ferran Adri, the Catalan chef who revolutionized the world of cooking over the past three decades. Food Experts Americans keep in high esteem the role of food experts; French and Italians notoriously do not. Probably, it’s because of different ways to regard the practice of evaluation of a food. Is that French onion soup authentic? The review says the wine is elegant: is that the case? Food or wine tasting is arguably an entertaining activity, and it’s a conversation starter. Yet, is there a truth when it comes to judgments about food? This is one of the hardest philosophical questions. In his famous essay â€Å"Of the Standard of Taste†, David Hume shows how one can be inclined to answer both â€Å"Yes† and â€Å"No† to that question. On the one hand, my tasting experience is not yours, so it is totally subjective; on the other, provided an adequate level of expertise, there is nothing odd with imagining to challenge a reviewer’s opinion about a wine or a restaurant. Food Science Most foods we buy at the supermarket carry on their labels â€Å"nutritional facts†. We use them in order to guide ourselves in our diet, to stay healthy. But, what do those numbers have to do really with the stuff we have in front of us and with our stomachs? What â€Å"facts† do they help us establishing really? Can nutritionism be regarded as a natural science on a par with – say – cell biology? For historians and philosophers of science, food is a fertile terrain of research because it raises basic questions regarding the validity of laws of nature (do we really know any law regarding metabolism?) and the structure of scientific research (who finances the studies on the nutritional facts you find on the labels?) Food Politics Food is also at the center of a number of funding questions for political philosophy. Here are some. One. The challenges that food consumption poses to the environment. For example, did you know that factory farming is responsible for a higher rate of pollution than airfare travel? Two. Food trades raise issues of fairness and equity in the global market. Exotic goods such as coffee, tea, and chocolate are chief examples: through the history of their commerce, we can reconstruct the complex relationships between continents, States, and people over the past three-four centuries. Three. Food production, distribution, and retail is an opportunity to talk about the condition of workers across the earth. Food and Self-Understanding In the end, as the average person enters at least a few ‘food relations’ per day, a refusal to ponder eating habits in a meaningful manner can be likened to a lack of self-understanding or lack authenticity. Since self-understanding and authenticity are among the chief aims of philosophical inquiry, then food becomes a true key to philosophical insight. The gist of the philosophy of food is hence the quest for an authentic diet, a quest that can be readily furthered by analyzing other aspects of ‘food relations’.